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1. M. M. A. Hossain, K. Koufos and R. Jäntti, Energy Efficient Deployment of HetNets: Impact of Power Amplifier and Delay, in IEEE WCNC, 2013 (bib)

   Abstract: Exponential growth of capacity demand is making energy efficient cellular network densification an important issue. As a network is dimensioned based on the capacity demand at the busy hour, a large portion of network capacity remains idle for the largest part of the day. Unfortunately, the power consumption at the idle operation mode of a base station does not scale down proportionally with decreasing load. In this paper, we consider a heterogeneous network with macro and micro BS and show that by allowing variable density of operating micro BS throughout the day along with proper load sharing between the two layers can save more than 30% of total energy. We also study the impact of power amplifier efficiency and energydelay tradeoff on the energy efficient network densification and load sharing. The analysis suggest that power amplifiers with good efficiency characteristics and small additional flow transfer delay not only reduce the overall energy consumption but also impact the densification and load sharing in the network. The results of this paper indicate that for energy efficient operation, the configuration of heterogeneous networks need to be dynamic to cope with the temporal variation of capacity demands as well as the load need to be shared between different layers properly.